9 Report Writer Usage

9.1 RWCS Lexicon

There are a number of terms that describe various aspects of the operation of the Report Writer Control System (RWCS). Understanding the meanings of these terms is vital to developing an understanding of the subject.

  • Control Break

    An event that is triggered when a control field on an RWCS-generated report changes value. It is these events that trigger the generation of control heading and control footing groups.

  • Control Field

    A field of data being presented within a detail group; as the various detail groups that comprise the report are presented, they are presumed to appear in sorted sequence of the control fields contained within them. As an example, a department-by-department sales report for a chain of stores would probably be sorted by store number and – within like store numbers – be further sorted by department number. The store number will undoubtedly serve as a control field for the report, allowing control heading groups to be presented before each sequence of detail groups for the same store and control footing groups to be presented after each such sequence.

  • Control Footing

    A report group that appears immediately after one or more detail groups of an RWCS-generated report. Such are produced automatically as a result of a control break. This type of group typically serves as a summary of the detail group(s) that precede it, as might be the case on a sales report for a chain of stores, where the detail groups documenting sales for each department (one department per detail group) from the same store might be followed by a control footing that provides a summation of the department-by-department sales for that store.

  • Control Heading

    A report group that appears immediately before one or more detail groups of an RWCS-generated report. Such are produced automatically as a result of a control break. This type of group typically serves as an introduction to the detail group(s) that follow, as might be the case on a sales report for a chain of stores, where the detail groups documenting sales for each department (one department per detail group) from the same store might be preceded by a control heading that states the full name and location of the store.

  • Detail Group

    A report group that contains the detailed data being presented for the report.

  • Page Footing

    A report group that appears at the bottom of every page of an RWCS-generated report. Information typically found within such a report group might be:

    • The date the report was generated

    • The current page number of the report

  • Page Heading

    A report group that appears at the top of every page of an RWCS-generated report. Information typically found within such a report group might be:

    • A title for the report

    • The date the report was generated

    • The current page number of the report

    • Column headings describing the fields within the detail group(s)

  • Report Footing

    A report group that occurs only once in an RWCS-generated report — as the very last presented report group of the report. These typically serve as a visual indication that the report is finished.

  • Report Group

    One or more consecutive lines on a report that serve a common informational purpose or function. For example, lines of text that are displayed at the top or bottom of every printed page of a report.

  • Report Heading

    A report group that occurs only once in an RWCS-generated report — as the very first presented report group of the report. These typically serve as an introduction to the report.

9.2 The Anatomy of a Report

Every report has the same basic structure, as shown here, even though not all reports will have all of the groups shown. In fact, it is a very unusual report indeed that actually has every one of these groups:

  • REPORT HEADING

  • PAGE HEADING [1]

  • CONTROL HEADING(S) [2]

  • DETAIL GROUP(S) [2]

  • CONTROL FOOTING(S) [2]

  • FINAL CONTROL FOOTING

  • PAGE FOOTING [1]

  • REPORT FOOTING

  • [1] Presented throughout the report, as needed

  • [2] Repeated, as needed


These groups will be presented (printed) across however many formatted pages are necessary to hold them. No single report group will be allowed to cross page boundaries.

The management of paging, enforcement of the groups cannot span pages rule and almost every aspect of report generation are handled entirely by the Report Writer Control System.

9.3 The Anatomy of a Report Page

Each page of a report is divided into as many as five (5) areas, as shown in the following diagram.

 _______________________________
|                               |
| Top-of-page Unusable Area     |---# Lines: LINES AT TOP (LINAGE)
|_______________________________|
|                               |---Line #: HEADING (RD)
| Heading Area                  |
|_______________________________|---Line #: FIRST DETAIL (RD) - 1
|                               |---Line #: FIRST DETAIL (RD)
|                               |
| Body Area                     |---Line #: LAST CONTROL HEADING (RD)
|                               |---Line #: LAST DETAIL (RD)
|_______________________________|---Line #: FOOTING (RD)
|                               |---Line #: FOOTING (RD) + 1
| Footing Area                  |
|_______________________________|
|                               |
| Bottom-of-page Unusable Area  |---# Lines: LINES AT BOTTOM (LINAGE)
|_______________________________|

When describing a report via the RD ( 6.6 REPORT SECTION) clause, the total number of usable lines are specified as the PAGE LIMIT value; this value is the sum of the number of lines contained in the Heading, Body and Footing Areas.

The unusable areas of a page (if any) will appear above and below that usable area. You don’t specify the unusable area in the RD, but rather using a LINAGE ( 6.2.1 File/Sort-Description) clause in the FD of the file the report is “attached” to.

The various report groups will be presentable in the various areas of a page, as follows:

  • REPORT HEADING

    Heading Area — An exception to this is the situation where the report heading report group contains the NEXT GROUP NEXT PAGE ( 6.9.32 NEXT GROUP) option; in those cases, the report heading will be presented on a page by itself (anywhere on that page) at the beginning of the report.

  • PAGE HEADING

    Heading Area

  • CONTROL HEADING

    Body Area, but no line of a control heading is allowed past the line number specified by LAST CONTROL HEADING

  • DETAIL

    Body Area, but no line of a detail report group is allowed past the line number specified by LAST DETAIL

  • CONTROL FOOTING

    Body Area, but no line of a control footing report group is allowed past the line number specified by FOOTING

  • PAGE FOOTING

    Footing Area

  • REPORT FOOTING

    Footing Area — An exception to this is the situation where the report footing report group contains the NEXT PAGE option in its LINE ( 6.9.29 LINE) clause; in those cases, the report footing will be presented on a page by itself at the end of the report.

9.4 How RWCS Builds Report Pages

A report created via a WRITE statement ( 7.8.52 WRITE) will contain carriage-control information. Most notably, ASCII form-feed characters (X’0C’) will be written to the report file to support the statement’s ADVANCING PAGE option. Whether the data for a report line created via ADVANCING PAGE occurs before or after the form-feed character depends upon whether the programmer coded WRITE <record-name> BEFORE ADVANCING PAGE or WRITE <record-name> AFTER ADVANCING PAGE, respectively.

The GnuCOBOL implementation of RWCS does not issue any carriage-control information to the report files it produces — instead, it relies upon the information coded in the RD for the report (specifically the PAGE LIMITS and related options) and its internally-generated and managed LINE-COUNTER special register ( 7.7 Special Registers) for the report to know when to issue any blank lines to the file to fill-out the end of a printed page.

Because this is the way the GnuCOBOL RWCS works, in order to design an RWCS-generated report you’ll need to know answers to the following questions:

  1. What printer(s) will the report be printed on?

  2. What paper orientation will you use, — Landscape (long edge of the paper at the top and bottom of page), or Portrait (long edge of the paper at the left and right of page)?

  3. What tool will be used to print the report (direct printing to the device, notepad.exe, MS-Word, …)?

  4. What font and font size will be used for the report when it is printed? RWCS-generated reports will assume that a fixed-width font such as “Courier”, “Lucida Console”, “Consolas” and the like will be used to print, as variable-pitch fonts would make the proper alignment of columns of data on reports virtually impossible.

  5. When unprintable area exists at all four margins of the paper? These are generally caused by the printer itself or by its software driver.

  6. What is the maximum number of lines per page that may be printed on a single sheet of paper?

  7. What is the maximum number of characters that may be printed on one line?


Once you know the answer to questions 1-4, you may easily determine the answers to the remaining questions as follows:

  1. Prepare a text file containing 100 or so records, each consisting of a numeric scale (123456789012345678901234…).

  2. Print the file in a manner consistent with your answers to questions 1-4.

  3. Add any necessary additional digits to each record in your test file (if lines weren’t full) or remove characters from the end of each record if lines wrapped. If you made changes, reprint the file.

  4. Now that you know exactly how long each record may be, add additional records and reprint. Continue until printing overflows to a second page.

  5. The first page you print is now a perfect template to use when designing reports — it shows, given the answers to questions 1-4, every available printable character position on a page! The number of lines printed on that page becomes your PAGE LIMIT value for the RD.


The remaining PAGE LIMIT values can be established as required by your report(s).

Using <identifier> rather than <integer> specifications in the RD will give your program the ability — at run time — to accommodate multiple printers, fonts, font sizes and paper orientation. Just follow the above steps for each combination you wish your program to support.

9.5 Control Hierarchy

Every report that employs control breaks has a natural hierarchy of those control breaks based upon the manner in which the data the report is being generated from is sorted. This concept is best understood using an example which assumes a COBOL program to process sales data collected from every computerized cash register across a chain of stores having multiple departments is being developed.

The application that collects data from the various cash registers at each store will generate data records that look like this to a COBOL program:

01  Sales-For-Register.
    05 Sales-Date            PIC 9(8).
    05 Time-Collected        PIC 9(6).
    05 Register-Number       PIC 9(7).
    05 Store-Number          PIC 9(3).
    05 Department-Number     PIC 9(3).
    05 Total-Sales           PIC 9(6)V99.

Your task is to develop a report that shows the sales total from each cash register and summarizes those sales by department within each store, by store and also generates a total sales figure for the day across all stores.

To accomplish this, you will use a SORT statement ( 7.8.42 SORT) to sort the file of cash register sales data into:

  1. Ascending sequence of store number

  2. Within each store, data will be sorted into ascending sequence of department number

  3. If there are multiple cash registers in a particular department of a specific store, the data needs to be further sorted so that the cash registers are ordered in sequence of their register number.

So, assuming a sort file has been defined and its record layout (essentially a mirror of the raw data file) is defined as follows:

01  Sorted-Sales-For-Register.
    05 Sorted-Sales-Date            PIC 9(8).
    05 Sorted-Time-Collected        PIC 9(6).
    05 Sorted-Register-Number       PIC 9(7).
    05 Sorted-Store-Number          PIC 9(3).
    05 Sorted-Department-Number     PIC 9(3).
    05 Sorted-Total-Sales           PIC 9(6)V99.

Then the SORT statement to accomplish the desired sequencing would be:
SORT SORT-FILE
    ASCENDING KEY Sorted-Store-Number
                  Sorted-Department-Number
                  Sorted-Register-Number
    USING Input-file
    OUTPUT PROCEDURE 100-Generate-Report

As a result of the sort, our program might expect to see data somewhat like this (date, time and sales totals are shown as “…”):
   +-------------------- Register Number
   |      +------------- Store Number
   |      |  +---------- Department Number
   |      |  |
...0535240001001...
...0589130001001...
...0625174001001...
...0122234001002...
...0732345001002...
...0003423001003...
...2038774001004...
...0112646002001...
...9963348002002...
...3245677002003...
...4456778002003...
...0002345002004...

Because of the sort, the most-frequently changing value of the three sort keys will be that of Sorted-Register-Number. This essentially defines the “detail” level of the report.

The next most-frequently changing value is that of Sorted-Department-Number, and the least-frequently changing value is that of Sorted-Store-Number. remember that the program should be generating totals each time one of these two values change, plus a grand total of sales at the end of the report. These three points are the Control Break points of the report.

When the report is defined, it’s RD would contain a CONTROLS ARE clause that lists the control breaks in least- to most-frequent sequence of changing. This would be coded as:

CONTROLS ARE FINAL, Sorted-Store-Number, Sorted-Department-Number

A FINAL control break only occurs once, at the very end of the report. The CONTROL FOOTING for this break will be the one that produces the grand total of sales for all stores.

The next break listed on the CONTROLS clause will be the one that occurs next most-frequently (Sorted-Store-Number). This control break will be the one that produces the summation for each entire store, and will have its own CONTROL FOOTING.

The next (and last, in this case) break listed on the CONTROLS clause will be the one that occurs even more frequently (Sorted-Department-Number). The CONTROL FOOTING for this control field will be the one that summarizes sales for each department within a store.

This sequence of control breaks from least- to most-frequent (in other words, in the order they occur on the CONTROLS ARE clause) is the ‘control hierarchy‘ of the report; control breaks that occur more frequently than others are said to be at a lower level in the control hierarchy.

Defining a control hierarchy (via CONTROLS ARE) that does not match the actual sequence in which data will be processed is a great way to guarantee a “broken” report. I’ll show you an example in a later section.

9.6 An Example

This section contains an example of the RWCS at work. The complete program, presented here, is a stripped-down version of a program I have used to generate a report for a class I teach on PC hardware. This report will provide benchmark statistics on a variety of popular AMD and Intel CPUs. The data for the report was obtained from the website www.cpubenchmark.net in December of 2013. By the time you are reading this, that data will most likely have become rather out of date, but it illustrates RWCS well enough.

9.6.1 Data

Here is the data that the program will be reading. Each record reflects the aggregated benchmark scoring for one particular CPU, as scores for benchmarks against that CPU have been reported to the cpubenchmark.net website by their PassMark benchmark software. The data consists of four fields. Fields are separated from one another by a single comma. The descriptions of the fields are as follows:

  • Benchmark Score

    A five-digit number showing the aggregated benchmark scores for the CPU; the higher this number, the better the CPU performed in benchmark testing.

  • Vendor

    The name of the vendor who makes the CPU. In this data, that will either be “AMD” (American Micro Devices) or “INTEL”.

  • Family

    The 7-character family of CPU products the CPU falls into. This will have values such as “A4”, “A10”, “Core i5”, “Core i7”, etc.

  • Model

    The specific model of CPU within the family.


The first record of data shown below shows that the aggregated score of all benchmarks reported for the AMD A10-4600M CPU is 3145, as compared to the second record which shows that the aggregated score reported of all benchmarks reported for the Intel Core-i7-4960X CPU is 14291.

The following is the complete set of input data used for this example. This is by no means the complete set of data available at cpubenchmark.net — it is just a representative sample used for this example. For my class, I give my students a report showing the results for almost a thousand CPUs.

For the sake of brevity, this document lists the data in three columns.

03145,AMD,A10,4600M            05421,AMD,FX,6100              03917,Intel,Core i5,4300U
14291,Intel,Core i7,4960X      05813,AMD,FX,6120              01743,Intel,Core i5,4300Y
02505,AMD,A10,4655M            06194,AMD,FX,6200              04804,Intel,Core i5,4330M
03449,AMD,A10,4657M            06388,AMD,FX,6300              03604,Intel,Core i5,4350U
04251,AMD,A10,5700             07017,AMD,FX,6350              06282,Intel,Core i5,4430
02758,AMD,A10,5745M            06163,AMD,FX,8100              05954,Intel,Core i5,4430S
03332,AMD,A10,5750M            06605,AMD,FX,8120              06517,Intel,Core i5,4440
03253,AMD,A10,5757M            06845,AMD,FX,8140              07061,Intel,Core i5,4570
04798,AMD,A10,5800B            07719,AMD,FX,8150              06474,Intel,Core i5,4570R
04677,AMD,A10,5800K            08131,AMD,FX,8320              06803,Intel,Core i5,4570S
04767,AMD,A10,6700             09067,AMD,FX,8350              02503,Intel,Core i5,4570T
05062,AMD,A10,6800K            09807,AMD,FX,9370              07492,Intel,Core i5,4670
00677,AMD,A4,1200              10479,AMD,FX,9590              07565,Intel,Core i5,4670K
00559,AMD,A4,1250              03076,Intel,Core i3,3110M      06351,Intel,Core i5,4670T
01583,AMD,A4,3300              03301,Intel,Core i3,3120M      03701,Intel,Core i7,3517U
01237,AMD,A4,3300M             03655,Intel,Core i3,3130M      03449,Intel,Core i7,3517UE
01227,AMD,A4,3305M             03820,Intel,Core i3,3210       04588,Intel,Core i7,3520M
01263,AMD,A4,3310MX            02266,Intel,Core i3,3217U      03912,Intel,Core i7,3537U
01193,AMD,A4,3320M             04219,Intel,Core i3,3220       04861,Intel,Core i7,3540M
01343,AMD,A4,3330MX            03724,Intel,Core i3,3220T      04009,Intel,Core i7,3555LE
01625,AMD,A4,3400              04407,Intel,Core i3,3225       06144,Intel,Core i7,3610QE
01768,AMD,A4,3420              02575,Intel,Core i3,3227U      07532,Intel,Core i7,3610QM
01685,AMD,A4,4300M             01885,Intel,Core i3,3229Y      06988,Intel,Core i7,3612QE
01169,AMD,A4,4355M             04259,Intel,Core i3,3240       06907,Intel,Core i7,3612QM
01919,AMD,A4,5000              03793,Intel,Core i3,3240T      05495,Intel,Core i7,3615QE
01973,AMD,A4,5150M             04414,Intel,Core i3,3245       07310,Intel,Core i7,3615QM
02078,AMD,A4,5300              04757,Intel,Core i3,3250       07759,Intel,Core i7,3630QM
01632,AMD,A4,5300B             03443,Intel,Core i3,4000M      07055,Intel,Core i7,3632QM
02305,AMD,A4,6300              02459,Intel,Core i3,4010U      06516,Intel,Core i7,3635QM
01634,AMD,A6,1450              02003,Intel,Core i3,4010Y      04032,Intel,Core i7,3667U
01964,AMD,A6,3400M             04904,Intel,Core i3,4130       04271,Intel,Core i7,3687U
02101,AMD,A6,3410MX            04041,Intel,Core i3,4130T      03479,Intel,Core i7,3689Y
02078,AMD,A6,3420M             05115,Intel,Core i3,4330       08347,Intel,Core i7,3720QM
02277,AMD,A6,3430MX            05117,Intel,Core i3,4340       08512,Intel,Core i7,3740QM
01995,AMD,A6,3500              03807,Intel,Core i5,3210M      09420,Intel,Core i7,3770
02798,AMD,A6,3600              03995,Intel,Core i5,3230M      09578,Intel,Core i7,3770K
02892,AMD,A6,3620              03126,Intel,Core i5,3317U      09074,Intel,Core i7,3770S
03232,AMD,A6,3650              04101,Intel,Core i5,3320M      08280,Intel,Core i7,3770T
03327,AMD,A6,3670              05902,Intel,Core i5,3330       08995,Intel,Core i7,3820
01630,AMD,A6,4400M             05690,Intel,Core i5,3330S      08548,Intel,Core i7,3820QM
01296,AMD,A6,4455M             05781,Intel,Core i5,3335S      09025,Intel,Core i7,3840QM
02440,AMD,A6,5200              03280,Intel,Core i5,3337U      09196,Intel,Core i7,3920XM
01958,AMD,A6,5350M             02252,Intel,Core i5,3339Y      12107,Intel,Core i7,3930K
01878,AMD,A6,5357M             06282,Intel,Core i5,3340       09052,Intel,Core i7,3940XM
01906,AMD,A6,5400B             04327,Intel,Core i5,3340M      12718,Intel,Core i7,3960X
02174,AMD,A6,5400K             05372,Intel,Core i5,3340S      12823,Intel,Core i7,3970X
02384,AMD,A6,6400K             06199,Intel,Core i5,3350P      03992,Intel,Core i7,4500U
02050,AMD,A8,3500M             04314,Intel,Core i5,3360M      04507,Intel,Core i7,4558U
02426,AMD,A8,3510MX            04555,Intel,Core i5,3380M      04892,Intel,Core i7,4600M
02245,AMD,A8,3520M             03589,Intel,Core i5,3427U      04484,Intel,Core i7,4600U
02276,AMD,A8,3530MX            03479,Intel,Core i5,3437U      03680,Intel,Core i7,4610Y
02866,AMD,A8,3550MX            03057,Intel,Core i5,3439Y      04345,Intel,Core i7,4650U
03215,AMD,A8,3800              06442,Intel,Core i5,3450       07352,Intel,Core i7,4700EQ
03217,AMD,A8,3820              06071,Intel,Core i5,3450S      08161,Intel,Core i7,4700HQ
03552,AMD,A8,3850              06576,Intel,Core i5,3470       07946,Intel,Core i7,4700MQ
03682,AMD,A8,3870K             06077,Intel,Core i5,3470S      08002,Intel,Core i7,4702HQ
02709,AMD,A8,4500M             04591,Intel,Core i5,3470T      07647,Intel,Core i7,4702MQ
02193,AMD,A8,4555M             05991,Intel,Core i5,3475S      08066,Intel,Core i7,4750HQ
04052,AMD,A8,5500              06828,Intel,Core i5,3550       07367,Intel,Core i7,4765T
03464,AMD,A8,5500B             06631,Intel,Core i5,3550S      09969,Intel,Core i7,4770
02434,AMD,A8,5545M             06993,Intel,Core i5,3570       10190,Intel,Core i7,4770K
03052,AMD,A8,5550M             07118,Intel,Core i5,3570K      09803,Intel,Core i7,4770S
02935,AMD,A8,5557M             06709,Intel,Core i5,3570S      08803,Intel,Core i7,4770T
04348,AMD,A8,5600K             05414,Intel,Core i5,3570T      10078,Intel,Core i7,4771
04390,AMD,A8,6500              04333,Intel,Core i5,4200M      08567,Intel,Core i7,4800MQ
04719,AMD,A8,6600K             03355,Intel,Core i5,4200U      09969,Intel,Core i7,4820K
04055,AMD,FX,4100              02358,Intel,Core i5,4200Y      09331,Intel,Core i7,4850HQ
04153,AMD,FX,4130              02382,Intel,Core i5,4210Y      09323,Intel,Core i7,4900MQ
04094,AMD,FX,4150              03482,Intel,Core i5,4250U      13620,Intel,Core i7,4930K
04774,AMD,FX,4170              04381,Intel,Core i5,4258U      09754,Intel,Core i7,4930MX
04711,AMD,FX,4300              04663,Intel,Core i5,4288U      10262,Intel,Core i7,4960HQ
05247,AMD,FX,4350              04786,Intel,Core i5,4300M

9.6.2 Program

Here is the program that will be producing the report. Pay attention to how the data is sorted and how the control hierarchy (CONTROLS ARE) relates to the SORT.

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. DEMORWCS.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
CONFIGURATION SECTION.
REPOSITORY. FUNCTION ALL INTRINSIC.
INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION.
FILE-CONTROL.
    SELECT CPU-FILE             ASSIGN TO "CPUDATA.txt"
                                LINE SEQUENTIAL.
    SELECT REPORT-FILE          ASSIGN TO "CPUREPORT.txt"
                                LINE SEQUENTIAL.
    SELECT SORT-FILE            ASSIGN TO DISK.
DATA DIVISION.
FILE SECTION.
FD  CPU-FILE.
01  CPU-REC                     PIC X(26).

FD  REPORT-FILE
    REPORT IS CPU-Report.

SD  SORT-FILE.
01  SORT-REC.
    05 F-SR-Score-NUM           PIC 9(5).
    05 F-SR-Vendor-TXT          PIC X(5).
    05 F-SR-Family-TXT          PIC X(7).
    05 F-SR-Model-TXT           PIC X(6).
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01  WS-Date                     PIC 9(8).

01  WS-Family-Counters.
    05 WS-FC-AVE                PIC 9(5)V99.
    05 WS-FC-Qty                BINARY-LONG.
    05 WS-FC-Total-NUM          BINARY-LONG.

01  WS-Flags.
    05 WS-F-EOF                 PIC X(1).

01  WS-One-Const                PIC 9 VALUE 1.

01  WS-Overall-Counters.
    05 WS-OC-AVE                PIC 9(5)V99.
    05 WS-OC-Qty                BINARY-LONG.
    05 WS-OC-Total-NUM          BINARY-LONG.

01  WS-Starz                    PIC X(44) VALUE ALL '*'.

01  WS-Vendor-Counters.
    05 WS-VC-AVE                PIC 9(5)V99.
    05 WS-VC-Qty                BINARY-LONG.
    05 WS-VC-Total-NUM          BINARY-LONG.

REPORT SECTION.
RD  CPU-Report
    CONTROLS ARE FINAL
                 F-SR-Vendor-TXT
                 F-SR-Family-TXT

    PAGE LIMIT IS    36 LINES
        HEADING      1
        FIRST DETAIL 5
        LAST DETAIL  36.

01  TYPE IS PAGE HEADING.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Date                PIC 9999/99/99.
       10 COL 14 VALUE 'CPU Benchmark Scores'.
       10 COL 37 VALUE 'Page:'.
       10 COL 43 SOURCE PAGE-COUNTER           PIC Z9.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Starz               PIC X(44).
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  VALUE '**'.
       10 COL 6  VALUE 'All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net'.
       10 COL 43 VALUE '**'.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Starz               PIC X(44).

01  TYPE CONTROL HEADING F-SR-Family-TXT.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE F-SR-Vendor-TXT        PIC X(6).
       10 COL 8  SOURCE F-SR-Family-TXT        PIC X(7).
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  VALUE 'Family'.
       10 COL 9  VALUE 'Model'.
       10 COL 16 VALUE 'Benchmark Score (High to Low)'.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  VALUE '======'.
       10 COL 9  VALUE '======'.
       10 COL 16 VALUE '============================='.

01  Detail-Line TYPE IS DETAIL.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE F-SR-Family-TXT PIC X(7) GROUP INDICATE.
       10 COL 9  PIC X(6)       SOURCE F-SR-Model-TXT.
       10 COL 16 PIC ZZZZ9      SOURCE F-SR-Score-NUM.

01  End-Family TYPE IS CONTROL FOOTING F-SR-Family-TXT.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 9                 VALUE  'Ave...'.
       10 COL 16 PIC ZZZZ9.99   SOURCE WS-FC-AVE.
       10 COL 25                VALUE  '('.
       10 COL 26 PIC ZZ9        SUM    WS-One-Const.
       10 COL 30                VALUE  'Family CPUs)'.

01  End-Vendor TYPE IS CONTROL FOOTING F-SR-Vendor-TXT.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 9                 VALUE  'Ave...'.
       10 COL 16 PIC ZZZZ9.99   SOURCE WS-VC-AVE.
       10 COL 25                VALUE  '('.
       10 COL 26 PIC ZZ9        SUM    WS-One-Const.
       10 COL 30                VALUE  'Vendor CPUs)'.

01  End-Overall TYPE IS CONTROL FOOTING FINAL.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 9                 VALUE  'Ave...'.
       10 COL 16 PIC ZZZZ9.99   SOURCE WS-OC-AVE.
       10 COL 25                VALUE  '('.
       10 COL 26 PIC ZZ9        SUM    WS-One-Const.
       10 COL 30                VALUE  'CPUs)'.

PROCEDURE DIVISION.
DECLARATIVES.
000-End-Family SECTION.
    USE BEFORE REPORTING End-Family.
1.  IF WS-FC-Qty > 0
        COMPUTE WS-FC-AVE = WS-FC-Total-NUM / WS-FC-Qty
    ELSE
        MOVE 0 TO WS-FC-AVE
    END-IF
    MOVE 0 TO WS-FC-Qty
              WS-FC-Total-NUM
    .
000-End-Vendor SECTION.
    USE BEFORE REPORTING End-Vendor.
1.  IF WS-VC-Qty > 0
        COMPUTE WS-VC-AVE = WS-VC-Total-NUM / WS-VC-Qty
    ELSE
        MOVE 0 TO WS-VC-AVE
    END-IF
    MOVE 0 TO WS-VC-Qty
              WS-VC-Total-NUM
    .
000-End-Overall SECTION.
    USE BEFORE REPORTING End-Overall.
1.  IF WS-OC-Qty > 0
        COMPUTE WS-OC-AVE = WS-OC-Total-NUM / WS-OC-Qty
    ELSE
        MOVE 0 TO WS-OC-AVE
    END-IF
    MOVE 0 TO WS-OC-Qty
              WS-OC-Total-NUM
    .
END DECLARATIVES.

010-Main SECTION.
1.  ACCEPT WS-Date FROM DATE YYYYMMDD
    SORT SORT-FILE
        ASCENDING KEY    F-SR-Vendor-TXT
                         F-SR-Family-TXT
        DESCENDING KEY   F-SR-Score-NUM
        ASCENDING KEY    F-SR-Model-TXT
        INPUT PROCEDURE  100-Pre-Process-Data
        OUTPUT PROCEDURE 200-Generate-Report
    STOP RUN
    .
100-Pre-Process-Data SECTION.
1.  OPEN INPUT CPU-FILE
    PERFORM FOREVER
        READ CPU-FILE
        AT END
            EXIT PERFORM
        END-READ
        MOVE SPACES TO SORT-REC
        UNSTRING CPU-REC DELIMITED BY ','
            INTO F-SR-Score-NUM,
                 F-SR-Vendor-TXT,
                 F-SR-Family-TXT,
                 F-SR-Model-TXT
        RELEASE SORT-REC
    END-PERFORM
    CLOSE CPU-FILE
    .
200-Generate-Report SECTION.
1.  INITIALIZE WS-Family-Counters
               WS-Flags
    OPEN OUTPUT REPORT-FILE
    INITIATE CPU-Report
    RETURN SORT-FILE
    AT END
        MOVE 'Y' TO WS-F-EOF
    END-RETURN
    PERFORM UNTIL WS-F-EOF = 'Y'
        GENERATE Detail-Line
        ADD 1              TO WS-FC-Qty
                              WS-OC-Qty
                              WS-VC-Qty
        ADD F-SR-Score-NUM TO WS-FC-Total-NUM
                              WS-OC-Total-NUM
                              WS-VC-Total-NUM
        RETURN SORT-FILE
        AT END
            MOVE 'Y' TO WS-F-EOF
        END-RETURN
    END-PERFORM
    TERMINATE CPU-Report
    CLOSE REPORT-FILE
    .

9.6.3 Generated Report Pages

Finally, here’s the report the program generates!

2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  1
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
AMD    A10
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A10     6800K   5062
        5800B   4798
        6700    4767
        5800K   4677
        5700    4251
        4657M   3449
        5750M   3332
        5757M   3253
        4600M   3145
        5745M   2758
        4655M   2505
        Ave...  3817.90 ( 11 Family CPUs)
AMD    A4
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A4      6300    2305
        5300    2078
        5150M   1973
        5000    1919
        3420    1768
        4300M   1685
        5300B   1632
        3400    1625
        3300    1583
        3330MX  1343
        3310MX  1263
        3300M   1237
        3305M   1227
        3320M   1193
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  2
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
A4      4355M   1169
        1200     677
        1250     559
        Ave...  1484.47 ( 17 Family CPUs)
AMD    A6
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A6      3670    3327
        3650    3232
        3620    2892
        3600    2798
        5200    2440
        6400K   2384
        3430MX  2277
        5400K   2174
        3410MX  2101
        3420M   2078
        3500    1995
        3400M   1964
        5350M   1958
        5400B   1906
        5357M   1878
        1450    1634
        4400M   1630
        4455M   1296
        Ave...  2220.22 ( 18 Family CPUs)
AMD    A8
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A8      6600K   4719
        6500    4390
        5600K   4348
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  3
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
A8      5500    4052
        3870K   3682
        3850    3552
        5500B   3464
        3820    3217
        3800    3215
        5550M   3052
        5557M   2935
        3550MX  2866
        4500M   2709
        5545M   2434
        3510MX  2426
        3530MX  2276
        3520M   2245
        4555M   2193
        3500M   2050
        Ave...  3148.68 ( 19 Family CPUs)
AMD    FX
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
FX      9590   10479
        9370    9807
        8350    9067
        8320    8131
        8150    7719
        6350    7017
        8140    6845
        8120    6605
        6300    6388
        6200    6194
        8100    6163
        6120    5813
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  4
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
FX      6100    5421
        4350    5247
        4170    4774
        4300    4711
        4130    4153
        4150    4094
        4100    4055
        Ave...  6457.00 ( 19 Family CPUs)
        Ave...  3448.86 ( 84 Vendor CPUs)
Intel  Core i3
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
Core i3 4340    5117
        4330    5115
        4130    4904
        3250    4757
        3245    4414
        3225    4407
        3240    4259
        3220    4219
        4130T   4041
        3210    3820
        3240T   3793
        3220T   3724
        3130M   3655
        4000M   3443
        3120M   3301
        3110M   3076
        3227U   2575
        4010U   2459
        3217U   2266
        4010Y   2003
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  5
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
Core i3 3229Y   1885
        Ave...  3677.76 ( 21 Family CPUs)
Intel  Core i5
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
Core i5 4670K   7565
        4670    7492
        3570K   7118
        4570    7061
        3570    6993
        3550    6828
        4570S   6803
        3570S   6709
        3550S   6631
        3470    6576
        4440    6517
        4570R   6474
        3450    6442
        4670T   6351
        3340    6282
        4430    6282
        3350P   6199
        3470S   6077
        3450S   6071
        3475S   5991
        4430S   5954
        3330    5902
        3335S   5781
        3330S   5690
        3570T   5414
        3340S   5372
        4330M   4804
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  6
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
Core i5 4300M   4786
        4288U   4663
        3470T   4591
        3380M   4555
        4258U   4381
        4200M   4333
        3340M   4327
        3360M   4314
        3320M   4101
        3230M   3995
        4300U   3917
        3210M   3807
        4350U   3604
        3427U   3589
        4250U   3482
        3437U   3479
        4200U   3355
        3337U   3280
        3317U   3126
        3439Y   3057
        4570T   2503
        4210Y   2382
        4200Y   2358
        3339Y   2252
        4300Y   1743
        Ave...  5026.13 ( 52 Family CPUs)
Intel  Core i7
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
Core i7 4960X  14291
        4930K  13620
        3970X  12823
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  7
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
Core i7 3960X  12718
        3930K  12107
        4960HQ 10262
        4770K  10190
        4771   10078
        4770    9969
        4820K   9969
        4770S   9803
        4930MX  9754
        3770K   9578
        3770    9420
        4850HQ  9331
        4900MQ  9323
        3920XM  9196
        3770S   9074
        3940XM  9052
        3840QM  9025
        3820    8995
        4770T   8803
        4800MQ  8567
        3820QM  8548
        3740QM  8512
        3720QM  8347
        3770T   8280
        4700HQ  8161
        4750HQ  8066
        4702HQ  8002
        4700MQ  7946
        3630QM  7759
        4702MQ  7647
        3610QM  7532
        4765T   7367
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  8
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
Core i7 4700EQ  7352
        3615QM  7310
        3632QM  7055
        3612QE  6988
        3612QM  6907
        3635QM  6516
        3610QE  6144
        3615QE  5495
        4600M   4892
        3540M   4861
        3520M   4588
        4558U   4507
        4600U   4484
        4650U   4345
        3687U   4271
        3667U   4032
        3555LE  4009
        4500U   3992
        3537U   3912
        3517U   3701
        4610Y   3680
        3689Y   3479
        3517UE  3449
        Ave...  7725.58 ( 58 Family CPUs)
        Ave...  6005.16 (131 Vendor CPUs)
        Ave...  5006.42 (215 CPUs)





____________________________________________

9.7 Control Hierarchy (Revisited)

The sample program just discussed presents a great opportunity to show what can happen if you don’t define the control hierarchy of a report properly.

I changed the CONTROLS ARE clause on the sample program from this:

CONTROLS ARE FINAL
             F-SR-Vendor-TXT
             F-SR-Family-TXT

To this:
CONTROLS ARE FINAL
             F-SR-Family-TXT
             F-SR-Vendor-TXT

And then ran the report again. Here are the first two pages of that new report. See what happened to the control breaks?
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  1
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
AMD    A10
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A10     6800K   5062
        5800B   4798
        6700    4767
        5800K   4677
        5700    4251
        4657M   3449
        5750M   3332
        5757M   3253
        4600M   3145
        5745M   2758
        4655M   2505
        Ave...  3817.90 ( 11 Vendor CPUs)
        Ave...  3817.90 ( 11 Family CPUs)
AMD    A4
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A4      6300    2305
        5300    2078
        5150M   1973
        5000    1919
        3420    1768
        4300M   1685
        5300B   1632
        3400    1625
        3300    1583
        3330MX  1343
        3310MX  1263
        3300M   1237
        3305M   1227
____________________________________________
2013/12/24   CPU Benchmark Scores   Page:  2
********************************************
**   All CPU Data From cpubenchmark.net   **
********************************************
A4      3320M   1193
        4355M   1169
        1200     677
        1250     559
        Ave...  1484.47 ( 17 Vendor CPUs)
        Ave...  1484.47 ( 17 Family CPUs)
AMD    A6
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A6      3670    3327
        3650    3232
        3620    2892
        3600    2798
        5200    2440
        6400K   2384
        3430MX  2277
        5400K   2174
        3410MX  2101
        3420M   2078
        3500    1995
        3400M   1964
        5350M   1958
        5400B   1906
        5357M   1878
        1450    1634
        4400M   1630
        4455M   1296
        Ave...  2220.22 ( 18 Vendor CPUs)
        Ave...  2220.22 ( 18 Family CPUs)
AMD    A8
Family  Model  Benchmark Score (High to Low)
======  ====== =============================
A8      6600K   4719

____________________________________________

9.8 Turning PHYSICAL Page Formatting Into LOGICAL Formatting

You can trick RWCS into using the PAGE LIMIT values as logical specifications rather than physical ones quite easily — simply include an ASCII form-feed (X'0C') character into your page heading design! Here’s how the sample program shown earlier could be easily modified:

Simply Change This…

01  TYPE IS PAGE HEADING.
    05 LINE NUMBER 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Date PIC 9999/99/99.
       10 COL 14 VALUE 'CPU Benchmark Scores'.
       10 COL 37 VALUE 'Page:'.
       10 COL 43 SOURCE PAGE-COUNTER PIC Z9.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Starz PIC X(44).
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  VALUE '**'.
       10 COL 6  VALUE 'All CPU Data From ' &
                       'cpubenchmark.net'.
       10 COL 43 VALUE '**'.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Starz PIC X(44).

To This…
01  TYPE IS PAGE HEADING.
\ **    05 LINE NUMBER 1.                          *> NEW**\
\ **       10 COL 1  VALUE X'0C'.                  *> NEW**\
\ **    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.                 *> CHANGED**\
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Date PIC 9999/99/99.
       10 COL 14 VALUE 'CPU Benchmark Scores'.
       10 COL 37 VALUE 'Page:'.
       10 COL 43 SOURCE PAGE-COUNTER PIC Z9.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Starz PIC X(44).
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  VALUE '**'.
       10 COL 6  VALUE 'All CPU Data From ' &
                       'cpubenchmark.net'.
       10 COL 43 VALUE '**'.
    05 LINE NUMBER PLUS 1.
       10 COL 1  SOURCE WS-Starz PIC X(44).

RWCS will still be counting lines to decide when to close off one page and start a new one, but when a new page is started its page heading will physically form-feed the printer when the report is printed. As long as any printer you plan on using supports at least as many physical print lines as what is defined as the PAGE LIMIT value in whatever paper orientation and font you plan on (or are limited to) printing in, you have now divorced your program from the physical realities of the printer!

Of course, whatever software you are using to deliver the printed document to the printer with, must allow the ASCII form-feed character to pass through to the printer.